心物关系问题的解决：从胡塞尔到海德格尔

西方哲学史上,自笛卡尔至胡塞尔的认识论范式内,对主观意识如何认识外物的认识论难题,有四种不同的解决方式：实在论、内在观念论、先验观念论以及先验现象学。胡塞尔1906年首次提出了认识批判,它来自康德但又在其先验现象学框架内对康德作了批判。因胡塞尔仍在笛卡尔的认识论范式内,其先验现象学的问题亦受这一认识方式本身的局限。海德格尔提出切近物的首要方式不再是人的理性认识,而是此在的非理性的、情绪性的生存体验的基础存在论,使他走出了认识论框架,建立了新的心与物的关系范式,实现了问题的“范式转换”。     

Divorce and Mid- and Later Life Families: A Phenomenological Analysis with Implications for Family Life Educators

ABSTRACT

A growing number of mid- and later life individuals and families are experiencing divorce and remarriage. Mid- and later life families are those who have begun to or may have launched their adult children. As a result, these families may include in-laws and grandchildren. Limited research has addressed the potentially unique experiences of these families whose lives are made more complex and complicated by divorce, remarriage, or both. The purpose of this article is to examine, from a phenomenological perspective, the lived experiences of individuals and families experiencing divorce in mid- and later life. In so doing, four case studies are presented that represent four common pathways through divorce and remarriage in mid- and later life: career divorced, seasoned divorced, newly divorced, and interrupted career divorced. Using these case studies and our interpretation of them based on a phenomenological approach, we offer implications for family life educators for improving the delivery of educational services to families facing mid- and later life divorce and remarriage.     

It don't go both ways: Limited bidirectionality in sociolinguistic perception

This article explores the sociolinguistic perception of morphosyntactic variation, using sociolinguistic priming experiments. Two experiments tested participants' perception of the connection between social status and variation in two English subject‐verb agreement constructions: there's+NP and NP+don't. Experiment 1 tested sentence perception and found that exposure to non‐standard agreement boosted the perception of non‐standard agreement, but only for there's+NP. Social status cues had no effect on sentence perception. Experiment 2 tested speaker perception and found that participants were more likely to believe that non‐standard agreement was produced by low‐status than high‐status speakers. Results suggest that, especially for heavily stigmatized variables, non‐standard sentences strongly constrain the social judgments made by speakers, yet social cues do not necessarily constrain linguistic perception. The results suggest that the perceptual relationship between linguistic and social knowledge may be one of only limited bidirectionality. Implications for sociolinguistic perception and exemplar‐theoretic accounts of sociolinguistic competence are discussed.     

及物性系统与小说人物存在状态——《老安德伍特》的功能文体解读

功能文体学已发展成为现代文体学流派中颇具影响力的一支,是进行小说文本分析的有利工具。文章通过用系统功能语言学中属于概念功能的及物性系统对曼斯菲尔德的短篇小说《老安德伍特》进行细致解读,旨在揭示小说老安德伍特作为边缘人的存在状态以及造成这种状态的原因,进而探索小说更深层次的意义。     

从形而上学到现象学：哲学为科学奠基

哲学为科学奠基是西方哲学的一个传统。自古希腊哲学以来,传统意义上的形而上学一直起着为科学奠基的作用。但是,随着本体论向认识论的转向,各门具体科学从形而上学的母体中脱离出来而导致哲学虚无化,心理主义逐渐成为各门具体科学的基础。反心理主义和心理主义的斗争在认识论领域内几乎始终相伴而行,康德就站在反心理主义的立场,试图重建形而上学。但是康德对心理主义的批判是不彻底的,心理主义发展的势头非但没有减弱,反而在近代达到了空前的繁荣。对心理主义批判的工作由胡塞尔完成,他论证逻辑学的基础不是心理主义,致力于构建一门纯粹逻辑学,重构了哲学对科学的奠基作用。     

生态美学的理论基础——以身-心关系论

生态美学的学科史可上溯到自然美,其生态中心主义观、突破二元论以及认为现象即为美的思想可从杜威和梅洛-庞蒂那里找到理论根据。杜威的自然经验主义以及倡导的公民环境主义等具有生态审美特征,而梅洛-庞蒂的身体现象学旨在寻求身体在世界(环境)中安置的努力则使生态学获得了现象学的支撑。生态美学作为一种新范式,也须要批判性地加以认识。     

对现象学几个关键词的是非分析

德国胡塞尔创始的现象学,以意向指涉的对象为先验意识的现象,因此他的现象学还原并不能真正走向事物本身,而只能是主观经验的表现。由于现象学在发展中广被多家引发,已不是一个前后统一的学说和学派,要归纳其基本特征非常困难。但它的几个基本范畴,却有相对稳定的原始内涵,而且如意向性、现象、未定点等,虽有解释上的错误,但仍具有现实意义,这是本文以此为题进行是非分析研究的主要目的。     

最简方案下英汉存现句的句法研究

存现句在英语和汉语中普遍存在,且有同有异,但有关英汉存现结构的现有解释机制仍有不足。文章以乔姆斯基（1998,1999）最简探索理论为背景,在Collins（2005）提出的左向移动假说的理论框架下从句法层面对英汉存现句作了统一的解释。     

Gender,power and office politics

Abstract

This interpretative study explores the experiences of Taiwanese female clerical workers as they deal with office politics. A hermeneutical phenomenology is used to describe and interpret the participants' experiences. The study shows that powerlessness and frustration result from: (1) structural barriers; (2) behavioral barriers; and (3) accommodation and rationalization. This study has implications for research and practice in international area of women's studies and for the field of international career development education.     

论休谟“观念”的现象学意义

休谟为了找到确定的知识,彻底地贯彻了经验论,将知识奠基于经验之上。他将知觉分为印象和观念,感觉印象是直接呈现于我们心灵中的,“观念”来自于感觉印象。这样他就找到了最确定、最基本的能够作为一切知识之基础的东西。不仅如此,他还悬置一切实体,将认识从关注外部实在回到自我意识中来。胡塞尔现象学倡导“面向事情本身”,要求面向直观呈现现象,回到纯粹意识。于是,休谟拒绝在现象之外看到非现象的态度与胡塞尔“面向事情本身”的纯粹意识,产生了理念的相似性。